- - AGRICULTURE CORE CURRICULUM - -

(CLF6000) Advanced Core Cluster: ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE

 (CLF6250) Unit Title: SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL PROPAGATION

____________________________________________________________________________
 (CLF6256) Topic: BUDDING & GRAFTING     Time                  Year(s) 
                                          2 / 3 hours              3 / 4 
____________________________________________________________________________

         Topic Objectives: Upon completion of this lesson, the student
                            will be able to:

         Learning Outcome #:

           (D-10) - Demonstrate, in class, one type of budding and one 
                      type of grafting (e.g., T or shield, chip, patch 
                       bud,side whip, cleft graft).

            (A-1) - Identify the different tools and equipment used in 
                      budding and grafting.

         Special Materials and Equipment: Knives, budding rubber, grafting
                      wax, material for buding and grafting, handout or 
                      overhead showing types of buds and grafts.

         References: Hartmann, H. and Kester, D. PLANT PROPAGATION 
                        PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES Englewood Cliffs, NJ. ,
                        Prentice-Hall Inc.
                     Ingels, J. ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE PRINCIPLES & 
                        PRACTICES Albany, NY. Delmar Publishers

         Evaluation: By observation and quiz.

TOPIC PRESENTATION: BUDDING AND GRAFTING

A One of the most ancient methods of plant propagation is grafting.

   1. The techniques of grafting have been known as early as 1000 B.C.

   2. The goal of grafting is to connect or fit two tissues of living 
       plant tissue together in such a way that they will unite and 
       subsequently behave as one plant.

   3. There are several steps necessary to complete a graft.

       a. A short piece of detached shoot (scion) containing one or more 
           buds is united with the stock (part that is rooted).

       b. Cuts are made on both stock and scion so as to place the 
           cambium of both stock and scion in contact with each 
           other.

       c. Wounded areas of stock and scion are covered with material 
           prevents drying and excludes oxygen. (Grafting waxes 
           and grafting seals are available commercially.)

       d. Callus tissue grows from the cambium of scion and 
           stock. It intermingles and interlocks, re-establish new 
           cambium, and finally producing new vascular tissue 
           permitting passage of nutrients and water between the stock and 
           scion.

       e. This whole process takes, about 30 days on a deciduous fruit 
           tree.

    4. There are 5 grafting "musts" to obtain a successful graft.

        a. The stock and scion must be compatible.

        b. The cambium of stock and scion must be in close contact.

        c. Proper timing is important.

        d. All cut portions of stock and scion must be covered to prevent 
            drying out.

        e. Proper care must be given after the grafting job is done 
            to insure continued success.

    5. Each technique of grafting requires different tools and procedures, 
        so must be demonstrated for complete understanding.

        a. The most common types of grafts include cleft, bark, notch, and 
            side grafting.

        b. The method selected for an individual plant is determined by 
            characteristics of the plant, age of the plant, and time of 
            year.

B. Budding is the placing of a single detached bud upon the stock.

   1. Budding will produce the same results as grafting.

   2. Budding is usually done on smaller diameter (younger) stock.

   3. Requirements for budding are similar to those of grafting.

   4. There are 3 times of the year when successful budding can be done:
       Spring, June, and Fall.

   5. There are several methods of cutting the stock and inserting the 
       buds:

       a. "T" or shield budding.

       b. Patch budding.

       c. Chip budding.

       d. "H" or "I" budding.

   6. All methods of budding except chip depend on the bark "slipping" 
       (bark peels away from the wood).

   7. Selection and storage of budwood is extremely important in obtaining 
       successful buds.

   8. There are limits to the combinations that can be successfully 
       established by budding or grafting.

   9. Consult plant propagation books to make sure that stock and scion 
       (or bud) will make compatible union.


         __________________________________________________________
         ACTIVITY: 
 
         1.  Using materials from the class demonstration have students
              practice budding and grafting.

         2. If plant materials are available have students do real buds 
             and grafts on plant stock.
         __________________________________________________________


7/26/90 Toscano

#%&C